Wide-Angle Neutron Diffractometer
WAND² | HB-2C | HFIR
A list of equipment available at HB-2C can be found in the Sample Environment Equipment Database. The database contains detailed equipment specifications and images, drawings and other documents when available.
How to configure the Lakeshore Model 336 Temperature Controller and Heater: Lakeshore Model 336 Temperature Controller Sensor and Heater Quick Start Guide.pdf
Belt-driven Automated Sample Changer
Our belt-driven automated sample changer, capable of measuring 23 powder samples from 2K-300K, are available for Mail-in and GU proposals starting from the 2025-B cycle.
Room Temperature Spinning Automated Sample Changer
Our spinning automated sample changer can accommodate up to 7 powder/bulk samples at RT. During data collection, each samples can spin to reduce the preferred orientation.
In Operando Battery Cycling Cell
A Swagelok-type cell made from the null-scattering material TiZr is available in two cylindrical sizes, 12 mm and 20 mm in diameter, optimized for use on constant-wavelength beamlines. This cell is suitable for both conventional secondary-ion batteries and solid-state batteries. It is designed so that the neutron beam exclusively illuminates the electrode located at the end of the cell. WAND² also offer users stainless steel cells, enabling users to perform preliminary tests at their home institutions before using the TiZr cell at the beamline. See publication: https://doi.org/10.1002/cmtd.202200046.
Humidity Chamber
Temperature and relative humidity controlled sample environment designed especially for HB-2C WAND2 beamline. See publication: https://doi.org/10.1107/S1600576718001243
Closed Cycle Refrigerators—Bottom Loader
Typically used for single crystal experiments, the bottom loading CCR has an operating temperature range of 5 K – 300 K (base temperature dependent on particular CCR used). The standard sample is mounted in a single crystal sample can that has been vacuum sealed with an indium gasket in an inert atmosphere—for high temperature experiments, the indium gasket is omitted. The distance between the sample mount to beam center is a 2.375” (60 mm). Cooling to base takes approximately 2 hrs. High temperature bottom loading CCRs can reach temperatures up to 700 K and have a ¼-28 female interface and a 2.375” (60.3 mm) distance from the sample mount to beam center. Both standard and high temperature bottom loading CCRs can be tilted to +/- 20 degrees when mounted on the sample goniometer with a translation limit of +/-0.4” (10 mm). High capacity CCRs are available for use with specialized high-pressure cells and have a tilt limit of +/-5 degrees. Contact the WAND instrument team for more information.
Closed Cycle Refrigerators—Janis Top Loaders
Used for both powder and single crystal experiments, the Janis top loading CCR has an operating temperature range of 4 K – 400 K. The standard single crystal sample is mounted on an aluminum plate or rod and attached to the stick insert. The powder samples are loaded into aluminum or vanadium sample cans that have been vacuum sealed with an indium gasket in an inert atmosphere (see below for information on powder sample cans), which is then mounted on the insert. The sample mount is a ¼-28 female thread on the stick insert with a 2.375” (60 mm) distance from the sample mount to beam center. Cooling to base takes approximately 2 hrs. The Janis CCR has a high temperature insert available for operations up to 800 K. Specialized high temperature powder sample cans are required for operation above room temperature. The Janis has a tilt limit of +/-5 degrees with a +/-0.4” (10 mm) translation limit.
How to change between high and low temperature operation with the Janis Cryofurnace high temperature insert: Janis Cold_Hot Setup.pdf
Liquid Helium Cryostats—ILL Orange Cryofurnace and Oxford Variox
The top loading liquid helium cryostats have a base temperature of 1.5 K and can be used with ultra-low temperature inserts described below. Cooling to base takes approximately 1.5 hrs. The same sample cans as used for the Janis CCR are used for the liquid helium cryostats. Tilt limits for both cryostats are +/-5 degrees with +/-10 mm translation limit. The sample mounts on the same ¼-28 female interface. The distance from the mounting interface to beam center varies from 1.75” (44.5 mm) to 2.44” (62 mm). The standard bore diameter is 1.9” (50 mm), however 2.75” (70 mm) and 3.937” (100 mm) diameter bores are available on the Orange cryostat for use with ultra-low temperature inserts. For concerns regarding sample mounting, contact the WAND instrument team.
How to change a sample in an ILL Orange Cryostat: SampleChangeforOrangeCryostat.pdf
ILL Niobium Foil Vacuum Furnace
The ILL vacuum furnace has an operating temperature range of 30 C to 1500 C (303 K – 1773 K). Special high temperature plates are used to mount single crystal and high temperature cans for powder samples, described below. The mounting interface is an M8x1.25 male thread with 1.25” (31.7 mm) distance from the mounting interface to beam center. The bore is 1” (H) x 1.9” (D) (25 mm (H) x 50 mm (D)). The ILL vacuum furnace has a tilt limit of +/-5 degrees with +/-0.4” (10 mm) translation limit.
Controlled Atmosphere Furnace (CAF)
The CAF has an operating temperature from 30 C to 1000 C (303 K – 1273 K). Samples are typically inserted into 1 m long 0.375” (9.5 mm) ID quartz tubes.
Cryomagnets
WAND² uses a 6T cryomagnet. The magnets available are called MAG-I and MAG-J and are identical. They have a standard operating temperature range of 1.5 K – 300 K and can be tilted to +/-2.5 degrees with a +/0.4” (10 mm) translation limit. The magnet has a 50mm bore and can accommodate ULT-inserts for temperatures down to 50mK. The mount interface on the standard stick is a 5/16-18 Female.
Ultra-Low Temperature Inserts—Dilution Refrigerator and 3He
Two types of ultra-low temperature inserts are available for use with the Orange and Variox liquid helium cryostats as well as the cryomagnets. The Oxford Dilution insert reaches a base temperature of 0.05 K and the 3He insert of 0.3 K. For powder samples, copper lids on either copper cans (dilution) or aluminum cans (3He) are used for ultra-low temperature experiments. Equipment to pressurize these cans with 10bar He is available. Tilt limits are reduced to +/-3 degrees with use of these inserts.
Ultra-Low Temperature 3He-CCR
The ACV/3He CCR/Heliox-7 from OXFORD is a sample environment for neutron scattering covering the temperature range from 300mK to 300K. The system uses cryogenic liquids in a closed circuit and operates as “push-button” with the “Set temperature (Tset)” the only parameter. It is a robust system capable of cooling larger samples. Disadvantage is a slow initial cooling time, which requires off-line preparation.
Pressure Cells
A 6 kbar Al-helium gas pressure cell is available for use in an Orange cryostat for in situ pressure changes. Various BeCu clamp pressure cells (up to 2 GPa) are available for higher pressure experiments. The pressure capabilities and currently expanding. Contact the WAND2 instrument team for more information.
Uniaxial Pressure Stick
A uniaxial pressure stick for in situ single-crystal measurement. The pressure stick can be used in a cryostat or cryomagnet, supporting a maximum load of 300 Ib (~1kN). Sample size is up to 10mm(H)*10mm(W)*5mm(L). Sample require careful polishing to provide parallel loading surfaces.
Additional Sample Environments
Additional custom specialized sample environments may be accommodated at the WAND2—e.g. gas flow, liquid flow, electric field, etc. Users are strongly encouraged to discuss experimental needs with the WAND2 instrument team before requesting custom sample environments for their proposals.
Sample Holders
Various sample holders are available for single crystal sample mounting with custom mounts provided as needed. Detailed information about the various powder sample cans mentioned above, dimensions and photos, is in the following document from the HB-2A instrument team.
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